Genesis 2:2 describes actions. It uses verbs — “finished” (וַיְכַל) and “rested” (שָׁבַת). It does not call the day “the Sabbath” as a covenant sign. Exodus 31:16–17 uses nouns — “Sabbath” and “sign.” There, the Sabbath is defined as a sign between Jehovah and Israel. Verb and noun serve different functions in Hebrew grammar. If we are doing word-for-word analysis, both passages should be examined carefully and consistently.

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   Bucky

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